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This book covers topics ranging from plant genome structure and the key control points in how genes are expressed, to the mechanisms by which proteins are generated and how their activities are controlled and changed. Genomic tools have emerged as efficient and robust methods to enhance genetic gain in crop breeding programs; their use has been fast in staple cereals and high value crops, but limited in most of the legume crops. The cultivation of plants is an important aspect of today’s society in many ways. Not only do plants supply us with a major food resource and flow of nutrition but they are also an important source of chemicals and other non-food products such as drugs, oils, latex, pigments, and resins. The physical appearance of plants is determined by genetic factors that are inherited from parental crops. The natural transfer of genes can be altered using many genetic techniques such as selection or genetic engineering. One of the important goals of plant breeding is maintaining genetic diversity.
